He warns that some good knowledge is unpleasant: we must now control our technology. The Chinese gave us Confucius, but Van Doren notes their main legacy seems to be good recipes for tyranny.
He praises Columbus for giving us 'a world well on the way to the unity it experiences today.' India is mentioned as the source of the caste system. Van Doren, once editorial director of the Encyclopedia Brittanica, has produced a miniature encyclopedia, organized to show that there is progress in knowledge.